Coping with Emotional Eating

When we use food in response to situations or feelings that make us feel uncomfortable or dissatisfied it’s called emotional eating. Does this scenario sound familiar to you?

In situations like this one, something happens while we’re eating to make us feel relief. Although we’re not consciously aware of it, for a brief moment, all bad feelings are suspended and we feel soothed.

Of course, many of us occasionally engage in eating that has nothing to do with physical hunger, but is prompted by emotions or situations. For example, on your best friend's birthday you might eat a piece of cake to be sociable even if you are not hungry. Or when you’re feeling bored, you might treat yourself to a couple of your favorite cookies. This occasional use of food to celebrate or comfort is okay. However, if you frequently eat when stressed, bored, or upset, then your emotional eating is problematic.

Almost everyone is an emotional eater of some sort, but emotional eating can be viewed on a continuum. Rare occurrences of emotional eating are not a problem, but repeat episodes do need attention, and severe emotional eating usually requires the insight and aid of an eating disorders specialist. Viewing emotional eating on a continuum then, the question to ask is: Where do you fit in – is your emotional eating rare, occasional or constant? If you almost always use food in one or more of the following situations it is likely that your emotional eating is problematic.

• I turn to food when I am frustrated
• I eat after an argument
• When I feel bad about myself I eat
• When I am bored I eat too much
• If I anticipate a lonely weekend I stock up on junk food
• I keep eating even after I am full
• When I feel unappreciated I eat lots of junk food
• I eat when I am depressed
• I eat when I don't know what else to do
• I eat junk food when I am feeling uncertain

Emotional eating is ultimately about a lack of fulfillment. When you are unsatisfied with your life and don’t feel worthy, you eat to fill the absence and to distract yourself from your discontent. One of the best ways to address emotional eating then is to find fulfillment and learn how to be happy with yourself and your life. Easier said than done, of course! But here are some pointers in the right direction:

• Turn to others - Instead of always trying to meet your needs yourself, learn to ask for help. Isolation and emotional eating go hand in hand, so keep in touch with supportive friends and family and call them when you sense a bout of emotional eating might be about to happen.

• Fake it ‘til you make it - There's surprising power in pretending. Get out of the "I have no control mode" and get into "I do have control of my life and food" mode. Even if you don't believe it at first, your behavior has a way of catching up with your self-talk and your emotional eating will be easier to control.

• Find purpose and meaning - Make sure your life is filled with things that mean more to you than food. Maintain good friendships, take an art or music appreciation course, volunteer for a neighborhood project, campaign for a cause you believe in – anything that gives you a feeling of purpose and connects you to the rest of the world.

• Be thankful - At the end of each day, list three things you’re thankful for. You won't need food to feel better if you are fulfilled, have more fun, have a sense of purpose, and are aware of the small pleasures in your life.

Simply being aware of your emotions and how they can lead to destructive eating patterns is an important step in learning to control emotional eating. Awareness begins when you "get in touch" with your feelings and how they relate to your eating habits. The best way to do this is to maintain a daily journal.

• When you write in your journal, identify the situation and the feeling that makes you want to eat. For example: "When John yells at me, I feel ______." If you can't identify the feeling, state that, as in: "I don't really know what I am feeling."
  
  
• List the foods you eat for each situation. Write down how you feel both before and after an eating episode.
  
  
• Be aware of the physical damage of your emotional eating by writing how many calories and excess grams of fat you eat during an emotional eating episode alongside your description of the eating episode.
  

• Remember to be kind to yourself. Your journal is an opportunity to become more aware of your feelings, thoughts and actions, not an opportunity to 'beat yourself up' or judge yourself harshly.
  

• Be sure to finish every journal entry with a positive reminder of your worth. Help to change your self-talk by writing something like: I accept myself in my entirety, just the way I am today, even though [I overate; ate compulsively etc].
  

• Treat yourself as you would someone you love. Say or write: I forgive myself, I know I'm doing the best I can.

Remember that although the associations between food, comfort and security are largely unconscious, the actual decision to eat is always a conscious choice. There is always an all-important deciding moment when you make a decision to eat. Be aware of that moment and acknowledge that you are making a decision to eat or not to eat.

Gaining control over your emotional eating through action starts by deciding not to eat in response to a difficult emotion or situation and then by finding something else to do instead! It is helpful to have a list of instantly effective methods of control for when your emotional “hunger” hits. You can build a repertoire of "band-aid" diversions from eating and write them in your journal. For example:

• When I feel angry I will not eat. I will listen to some music.
• When I feel lonely I will not eat. I will treat myself with a candle-lit bubble bath.
• When I am worried about something, I will not eat. I will go for a walk.
• When I am disappointed about something, I won’t eat chocolate cake. I will drink a cup of my favorite tea.

Other diversions might include calling a friend, watching a movie, gardening, or doing some housework.

Although it is important to control your eating, you don't need to deprive yourself. Limit, but do not eliminate, some of the foods you crave. When you crave a piece of chocolate, first ask yourself if you really want it. If the answer is yes, then enjoy a few pieces. Eating balanced and good-tasting meals with enough fat, protein and carbohydrate will also help to fill you nutritionally and physiologically, and minimize cravings.

Exercise is also an excellent way to manage emotional eating. To keep weight off and calm the emotional storms that compel you to eat, try taking a daily 30-minute walk.

Through action, reflection, and awareness you can start to take control of your emotional eating and make positive steps toward finding fulfilment in your life. It's a challenge, but you're worth it!