For people with Type 1 diabetes, exercise can help to both stabilize blood glucose over a long period of time and to prevent diseases that people with diabetes are more prone to, such as heart disease. Low impact exercise, such as walking, is usually recommended for people with Type 1 diabetes as high impact exercise can be strenuous on the feet and legs , which can cause circulation problems. It is very important for those with Type 1 diabetes to consult with a health professional and monitor blood-glucose levels carefully when embarking on an exercise program.

Exercise is a highly important and effective form of treatment for Type 2 diabetes. Muscular contraction as a result of exercise helps to transport glucose into the cells and improve insulin sensitivity. As well as treating symptoms, exercise also helps to prevent other health risks associated with diabetes.

To properly manage diabetes, it is essential to monitor blood glucose throughout the day, both at home and at work, and to keep a log of results. Daily monitoring of your blood glucose will help you become familiar with your blood glucose patterns in relation to diet, exercise and medication. It will also allow you to spot an abnormal level before it becomes extreme.  

Blood glucose is checked using a small amount of blood drawn from the body. This is then read by a blood-glucose meter. Urine tests can also be used to check for blood glucose, but they are not as effective and should only be used when blood testing is impossible. To help stabilize blood glucose, keep the following tips in mind:

• Keep to a recommended daily eating pattern for good blood glucose control. Three meals and three snacks is best for people with Type 1 diabetes. Three meals at regular times is best for those with Type 2 diabetes, especially if overweight.

• Maintain an even carbohydrate distribution. For more information click on the article link to 'Carbohydrates and Diabetes: Breaking it down' at the bottom of the page.

• Keep a healthy weight. This does not mean you have to lose a lot of weight - you will begin to benefit with even a modest weight loss of only 5-10 percent of your body mass, combined with regular exercise.

• Control your diet. Know what and when you will eat. Seek referral to a dietitian for expert advice.

• Don't skip prescribed insulin or oral medication. If on insulin, know what action to take if hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) occurs.

• Have regular checkups with your physician.

• You can also measure your average blood-glucose levels over a 2-3 month period by using the A1C test. For more information click on the article link to 'Hemoglobin Never Forgets: Managing your diabetes with the A1C test' at the bottom of the page.

Insulin is used to keep blood glucose as close to a normal level as possible. People with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin as their bodies do not produce it naturally. Some people with Type 2 diabetes also take insulin to help their bodies use glucose.

Insulin comes in many forms – there are more than twenty types of insulin sold in the United States – and can be delivered using syringe, pump, or pen. Insulin therapy depends on many factors and should be worked out according to your existing health and lifestyle. Your health care team will help you to work out an effective insulin routine.

Meal planning for blood glucose control, weight loss, and exercise are always the first treatments used for people with Type 2 diabetes. In some cases, however, insulin or diabetes pills are also used to help lower blood glucose levels. If you are diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, your doctor will advise you about medications.